abstract：:The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded in the absence and presence of the agonist carbamylcholine (Carb) reveals a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of Carb-induced structural change. This spectral map is affected by th...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ryan SE,Nguyen HP,Baenziger JE

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:(1) Local anaesthetics (LA) rely for their clinical actions on state-dependent inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium channels. (2) Single, batrachoxin-modified sodium channels in planar lipid bilayers allow direct observation of drug-channel interactions. Two modes of inhibition of single-channel current are observed...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： French RJ,Zamponi GW,Sierralta IE

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The oocyte of the African clawed toad (Xenopus laevis) offers a reliable, sensitive and disease resistant system to investigate recombinantly and endogenously expressed Ca2+ signaling G protein-coupled receptors and their intracellular signaling pathways. 2. To study receptor induced Ca2+ release, two-electrode vol...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Nietgen GW,Hönemann CW,Durieux ME

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:1. General anaesthetics induce reversible structural and functional modifications of the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin contained in the purple membrane of halobacteria. 2. This short paper describes the phenomenological similarity between the effects of anaesthetics and heating on this system. 3. pH dependence and the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gao MM,Boucher F

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:1. General anesthesia is achieved by anesthetic action in the central nervous system (CNS). 2. Whereas amnesia and unconsciousness are due to anesthetic action in the brain, recent evidence suggests that immobility in response to a noxious stimulus is achieved by anesthetic effects in the spinal cord. The putative spi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Antognini JF,Carstens E

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Dithiocarbamate propineb and maneb are organometal fungicides, which are widely used for the control of diseases in plants. Female Wistar rats were exposed orally to 200 and 400 ppm propineb and 250 ppm maneb, from the sixth day of gestation up to birth. We found that the body weights of both one-day old litters and t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Guven K,Deveci E,Akba O,Onen A,de Pomerai D

更新日期：1998-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:An in vivo micronucleus assay using Balb/C male mice was used to examine antigenotoxic effects of cimetidine (CM) on benzene (BZN) induced genotoxic effects. CM not only has therapeutic and immunomudolatory role, but it has also been shown to protect bone marrow stem cells from radiation induced clastogenic effects. T...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Mozdarani H,Kamali S

更新日期：1998-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Amiodarone (AM) is an efficacious antidysrhythmic agent that is limited clinically by numerous adverse effects. Of greatest concern is AM-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) due to the potential for mortality. Mitochondrial alterations and free radicals have been implicated in the etiology of AM-induced toxicities, incl...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Card JW,Lalonde BR,Rafeiro E,Tam AS,Racz WJ,Brien JF,Bray TM,Massey TE

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of our study was to determine agonist- and time-dependent phosphorylation of distinct proteins in bovine alveolar macrophages after activation with quartz dusts and heavy metal-coated silica particles. Silica particles were coated with vanadium oxide or cadmium oxide. Separation of proteins was achieved by one...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Radloff M,Delling M,Gercken G

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In connection with extensive health studies of employees from two big central waste disposal sites, cytogenetic investigations were performed. The subject of these special analyses was to examine whether the complex mixture of pollutants from waste disposal sites comprises a genotoxic hazardous potential. Cytogenetic ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fender H,Wolf G

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies in the United States and in Europe indicate, that the coarse fraction (PM-10) of airborne particulates, smaller than 10 microm and particularly the fine fraction (PM-2.5) smaller than 2.5 microm are responsible for adverse health effects, causing an increasing morbidity and mortality. Fu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hornberg C,Maciuleviciute L,Seemayer NH,Kainka E

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) derivatization method mainly used for the determination of airborne formaldehyde was extended for acetaldehyde, acetone, 2-butanone, and cyclohexanone, the next four carbonyl compounds of industrial importance. Sampling devices and sampling conditions were adjusted for the res...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Binding N,Schilder K,Czeschinski PA,Witting U

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study experiments are described, which indicate that the exposure of normal human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) to a low-frequency electromagnetic field of 20 Hz and 7-8 mT does induce terminal differentiation within 14 days of daily exposure of 12 h. As demonstrated by the analysis of the expression level of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Löschinger M,Thumm S,Hämmerle H,Rodemann HP

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subchronic oral toxicity of turmeric and ethanolic turmeric extract was studied in female Swiss mice and Wistar rats fed turmeric (0, 1 and 5%) and ethanolic turmeric extract (0, 0.05 and 0.25%) through diet for 14 and/or 90 days. The administration of a high dose of turmeric (5%) for longer duration (90 days) showed ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Deshpande SS,Lalitha VS,Ingle AD,Raste AS,Gadre SG,Maru GB

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid compound that has been shown to protect against liver injury produced by some hepatotoxicants. This study was designed to characterize the protective effects of oleanolic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, and the role of metallothionein in the protection. Oleanolic a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Liu Y,Hartley DP,Liu J

更新日期：1998-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium is a carcinogenic metal known to increase the expression of several protooncogenes in a variety of cells. although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Renal mesangial cells are smooth muscle cells in which Ca2+ signaling pathways regulate the induction of c-fos through both cAMP-dependent and mitogen-activa...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Templeton DM,Wang Z,Miralem T

更新日期：1998-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal which has been shown to be a possible risk factor of atherosclerosis in epidemiological and experimental studies. Since intimal hyperplasia in vascular tissue is an important component of atherosclerosis, we examined the effect of cadmium on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle ce...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fujiwara Y,Watanabe S,Kaji T

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethanolamine, a positively charged hydrophilic component of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) which is also a precursor of phosphatidylcholine (PC), enhances the repair processes 24 h after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication of mouse liver. Ethanolamine quickly reduced aminotransferase activity released in the s...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Murakami T,Nagamura Y,Hirano K

更新日期：1998-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:3'-Hydroxyacetanilide has been previously studied as a nontoxic regioisomer of the analgesic acetaminophen (4'-hydroxyacetanilide). The radiolabeled derivative has been shown to covalently bind to liver proteins at levels similar to that observed with hepatotoxic doses of radiolabeled acetaminophen with no evidence of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Halmes NC,Samokyszyn VM,Hinton TW,Hinson JA,Pumford NR

更新日期：1998-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of different doses of methylglyoxal (50-400 mg/kg body wt.) were examined using enzymes involved in the antioxidant function, glutathione (GSH) content and lipid peroxidation in the liver and spleen of Swiss albino mice (7-8 week old) after 6, 12 and 24 h. Significant changes were observed predominantly in ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Choudhary D,Chandra D,Kale RK

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acute toxicity of fullerenol-1 was determined using mice pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with polyhydroxylated C60 derivatives. The LD50 value of fullerenol-1 was estimated to be 1.2 g/kg. Pretreatments with 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg fullerenol-1 decreased cytochromes P450 and b5 contents, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 red...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ueng TH,Kang JJ,Wang HW,Cheng YW,Chiang LY

更新日期：1997-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A computer program (Q-test) was used to evaluate the combined toxic effects of nerve agent GF and its combined form with sarin (GB/GF) in mice. Efficacy of Jielin Injection, the 2-PAM-containing antidote used successfully in China for the treatment of organophosphate pesticide poisoning, was also evaluated and compare...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Luo C,Liang J

更新日期：1997-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of the present study was to identify the polychlorinated biphenyl congeners of Aroclor 1254 that are responsible for the induction of the cytosolic bioactivation of aromatic amines. Various chlorobiphenyls, ranging from di- to hexa-substituted, were administered to rats and the ability of the hepatic cyt...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Marczylo T,Ioannides C

更新日期：1997-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroform-induced toxicity in rodents depends on oral dose regimen. We evaluated the absorption and tissue dosimetry of chloroform after gavage administration in various vehicles to male Fischer 344 rats and female B6C3F1 mice. Animals received a single dose of chloroform in corn oil, water, or aqueous 2% emulphor at...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Dix KJ,Kedderis GL,Borghoff SJ

更新日期：1997-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of thiamphenicol (TAP) was performed in F344 rats. The minimum lethal dose was estimated to be greater than 10 g/kg body weight, when a single dose of 4-10 g/kg of TAP was given orally. In the subchronic toxicity study, groups of 12 F344 rats of each sex were given solutions contain...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ando J,Ishihara R,Imai S,Takano S,Kitamura T,Takahashi M,Yoshida M,Maekawa A

更新日期：1997-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of the chemical carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) has previously been shown to lower hepatic epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding levels during chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis. To further characterize the specificity of this response, EGF binding levels for liver microsomes were determin...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ringer DP,Panzeter PL,DeCicco LA

更新日期：1997-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The deposition of excess or abnormal collagen characteristic of pulmonary fibrosis can disrupt gas exchange resulting in severe respiratory impairment. There currently are no effective pharmacologic agents available that inhibit the fibrotic process. Pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyridone) is an investigationa...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kehrer JP,Margolin SB

更新日期：1997-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured human proximal tubule cell monolayers maintained on permeable supports were treated simultaneously with the aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin, and poly-L-aspartic acid (PAA), an inhibitor of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. Following 4 days of exposure, cell monolayers were placed into Ussing chambers to al...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Todd JH,Hottendorf GH

更新日期：1997-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The involvement of neurotrophins after radiation injury during brain development were studied in pregnant mice (C 57/B1) exposed on gestation day 15 to X-ray doses of 0.02-2 Gy. Nerve growth factor protein (NGF) and different cholinergic markers were investigated on postnatal day 1 (P1) and day 21 (P21); in situ hybri...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Dimberg Y,Vazquez M,Söderström S,Ebendal T

更新日期：1997-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis has been described as programmed active cell death. Overexpression of the c-Myc gene has been shown to induce apoptosis in Rat1A/Myc-ER cells when combined with a growth blocking agent. In the present study, we tested whether 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (LNAC) affect apoptotic death in seru...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Yildiz D,Erçal N,Frank RL,Matthews RH

更新日期：1996-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of vitamin E on cell morphology and cellular protein thiols under oxidative stress was investigated in cultured rat hepatocytes with different vitamin E status. Hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of 100 microM alpha-tocopherol succinate for 24 h then treated with 1.5 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wang ST,Kuo JH,Chou RG,Lii CK

更新日期：1996-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:1,3,5-Trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole (TNAP) is a product derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite in the model of Maillard browning systems. This compound is moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and is markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. Experiments are performed to inves...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lin YL,Tseng TH,Hsu JD,Chu CY,Wang CJ

更新日期：1996-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of in vitro methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on endogenous dopamine (DA) efflux from mouse striatal slices. MeHg produced a concentration-dependent increase in the spontaneous efflux of DA which was independent of the availability of Ca2+ in the superfusion medium. The Ca(2+)-de...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kalisch BE,Racz WJ

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear accumulation of the tumorsuppressor protein p53 indicates the occurrence of chromatin injury (J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 1991, 117, 30; Oncogene 1993, 8, 307) and may be used as an analytical tool to detect genotoxic agents. This mechanism was used to evaluate the DNA-damaging potency (clastogenicity) of the ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hess RD,Brandner G

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The data obtained from in vitro systems utilizing human cells and tissues should form a basic part of the information necessary for risk assessment. The most important thing for such systems is, therefore, to simulate the structures and functions of cells and tissues in the native organ as closely as possible. In desi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Emura M,Ochiai A,Hirohashi S

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regions with heavy industry are in many ways regions of crisis. The health of the population is primarily affected by the different air pollutants. Dust, with all its organic (dioxins and furans) and inorganic (heavy metals) contents, makes up the greatest part of the air-borne pollutants. The influence on health of e...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Marth E,Haselbacher-Marko S,Schaffler K

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reliability of human scalp hair as an indicator of mercury vapour exposure is contentious. In this study mercury concentrations in hair were compared with those in blood and urine of 20 dental students during their first "occupational" exposure to mercury vapour. Samples were collected before, at the end of the te...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wilhelm M,Müller F,Idel H

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to compare the pulmonary cellular proliferative effects of inhaled, size-separated preparations of chrysotile asbestos fibres with similar aerosol fibre concentrations of para-aramid fibrils. Following fibre preparation, rats were exposed for 2 weeks to aerosols of p-aramid fibrils or chrysotil...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Warheit DB,Hartsky MA,Frame SR

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By the gas plant at Schwaan (a small city near Rostock), tar and other by-products were released into the river Warnow which supplies Rostock with drinking water 20 km downstream. The tar-contaminated river sediment contained phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), indicating a mutagenic potential. Investi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Randow FF,Hübener T,Merkel G

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactivity of phenoxyl radicals towards biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids and lipids) is essential for antioxidant (protective) versus prooxidant (cytotoxic) effects of phenolic compounds (antioxidants, phytochemicals, environmental pollutants and toxic chemicals). The present study demonstrates for the first time...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ritov VB,Menshikova EV,Goldman R,Kagan VE

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00